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History and development of waste incineration technology
Municipal solid waste has become one of the most serious public hazards in the world.At present, there are four kinds of municipal waste disposal methods widely used at home and abroad: sanitary landfill, incineration, composting and comprehensive utilization.For a long time, most cities in China have adopted the original methods of piling up in the open air, natural filling ditches and landfills to deal with urban waste, which will bring adverse effects and potential hazards to soil, groundwater and atmosphere.In fact, the waste problem has hindered the further improvement of people's living standards and the development of urban construction.China is one of the 13 water-poor countries in the world. More than 400 out of 668 cities are short of water, 110 of which are seriously short of water.However, heavy metals in the garbage piled up over the years and pathogenic microorganisms generated in the process of corruption in China have polluted water sources in some cities and caused serious harm.The development of urban waste treatment in developed countries shows that waste incineration has the advantages of small area, easy site selection, rapid treatment, significant reduction, complete harm-free treatment and recyclable waste heat.The world's annual waste incineration capacity is about 110 million tons, most of the waste incineration plants in developed countries.Japan has about 1,900 incinerators, which burn nearly 40 million tons of waste annually, making it the largest incinerator in the world.The development trend of waste disposal in China is: the recycling on the basis of classified collection is getting more and more attention;Landfill standards will be higher and higher, and the proportion will gradually decline;Waste incineration will develop steadily, and the proportion of waste heat used for incineration, especially for power generation, will increase.Waste incineration has a history of more than 100 years. In 1896 and 1898, Hamburg, Germany, and Paris, France, successively established the world's earliest household waste incineration plants and started the engineering application of household waste incineration technology.However, controlled incineration, comprehensive treatment of smoke and dust and reuse of waste heat began from the 1970s.In recent years, the development of municipal waste incineration technology has obvious characteristics.Develop towards multi-function;Towards the direction of resource utilization;Develop towards intelligent direction;Toward the direction of environmental protection and high standardization.In addition, China's living garbage incineration socialization, marketization and privatization is the trend of future development, management and operation and the intensive degree of waste incineration is higher, belonging to the privatization of suitable technology, the future for garbage disposal TieFei and sell electricity income management foundation of privatization, garbage incineration industry to promote the overall progress of municipal solid waste incineration technology play a positive role in huge.It is necessary and possible to adopt the method of waste incineration under the environmental protection environment.With the development of urban construction and the expansion of cities, urban population surge, life garbage output is increasing fast, make the original landfill increasingly saturated or already saturated, and the new landfill site is also hard to find, take garbage incineration method, can make the living garbage 80% weight loss, and reduced capacity more than 85%, maximum extend the service life of existing landfill.In addition, with the improvement of people's living standards, the content of combustible and inflammable substances in household garbage has increased greatly, which improves the calorific value of household garbage and provides a prerequisite for the application and development of household garbage incineration technology.For example, the low calorific value of Japanese municipal solid waste has increased from 3,344 ~ 4,196kj /kg in the 1960s to 6,270 ~7160kJ/kg at present.
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